This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade.
However, due to their high radio frequency and limited coverage, the construction and operation of 5G base stations can lead to significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To address this challenge, scholars have focused on developing sustainable 5G base stations.
Therefore, low-carbon upgrades to communication base stations can effectively improve the economics of local energy use while reducing local environmental pollution and gaining public health benefits. For this research, we recommend further in-depth exploration in three areas for the future.
The 5G base station equipment architecture mainly adopts the BBU + AAU method. The BBU is the baseband part and can be further divided into two logical network elements, CU and DU. The CU handles the protocol stack functions above the PDCP layer of the wireless network, while the DU handles radio protocol functions below the PDCP layer.
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This paper aims to consolidate the work carried out in making base station (BS) green and energy efficient by integrating renewable energy sources (RES). Clean and green …
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Goncalves et al. (2020) explored carbon neutrality evaluation of 5G base stations from the perspective of network structure and carbon sequestration. Despite the growing …
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The number of 5G base stations has reached 5.94 million, and the number of 5G users is over 1.87 billion. To deal with the high energy consumption, telecom operators are …
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The fully-decoupled radio access network (FD-RAN) is an innovative architecture designed for next-generation mobile communication networks, featuring decoupled control and …
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The plan include the activities and verification dates to guide continuing 5G studies of the next-generation architecture and the 5G New Radio (NR), focusing on enhanced mobile …
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Rethinking Infrastructure for the 5G-Advanced Era As global mobile data traffic surges 35% annually, communication base stations face unprecedented demands. Can traditional tower …
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1 introduction In order to cope with the increasingly severe climate problem and meet the third global energy revolution, China, as the largest developing country in the world, took the lead in …
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Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular …
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