This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade.
A small-scale communication base station communication antenna with an average power of 2 kW can consume up to 48 kWh per day. 4,5,6 Therefore, the low-carbon upgrade of communication base stations and systems is at the core of the telecommunications industry’s energy use issues.
For China, based on a single base station power''s energy consumption of 11.5 KWh (Huawei, 2019), we estimate that the electricity consumed by its 5G network by 2030 will be 6.04 × 10 5 GW for 6 million base stations, the equivalents of 8.4 % of China''s national total power generation in 2019, respectively.
Therefore, low-carbon upgrades to communication base stations can effectively improve the economics of local energy use while reducing local environmental pollution and gaining public health benefits. For this research, we recommend further in-depth exploration in three areas for the future.
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Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular …
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The number of 5G base stations has reached 5.94 million, and the number of 5G users is over 1.87 billion. To deal with the high energy consumption, telecom operators are …
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As China rapidly expands its digital infrastructure, the energy consumed by communication base stations has grown dramatically. Traditionally powered by coal …
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We linked these provincial base stations with provincial Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population (POP), and big data development level (BDDL) and established a statistical …
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With the explosion of mobile Internet applications and the subsequent exponential increase of wireless data traffic, the energy consumption of cellular networks has rapidly …
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Goncalves et al. (2020) explored carbon neutrality evaluation of 5G base stations from the perspective of network structure and carbon sequestration. Despite the growing …
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As global telecom networks expand exponentially, how can communication base station green energy solutions address the sector''s mounting carbon footprint? With over 7 million cellular …
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The measured results revealed that the proposed model reduces the energy consumption of base stations by up to 18.8% as compared with the traditional static BSs, …
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In 2024, nearly 60,000 minimalist base stations were deployed. 3. Research on low-carbon energy technologies for communication sites: in 2024, China Mobile advanced …
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On the one hand, China has built the world’s largest number of communication base stations due to its large population and the huge communication demand for areas such as …
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